Drug trafficking is the illegal sale and distribution of drugs like cocaine, heroin, marijuana and amphetamine-type stimulants. It can involve large criminal organizations called drug cartels and smaller, local gangs as well as individuals operating on their own. It can also include corrupt government officials that take bribes to facilitate the trade or protect traffickers from law enforcement. Drug trafficking is a global problem that affects many communities across the world, generating substantial economic profits for criminals and contributing to violence, instability and poverty in countries of origin.
The laws vary by jurisdiction but to be convicted of drug trafficking, it must be proven that the defendant possessed controlled substances and intended to distribute them. Unlike possession, where mere presence suggests intent to sell or transport, prosecutors must prove intent in drug trafficking cases through other evidence such as surveillance video footage, cell phone records, witness testimony and other direct evidence. Prosecutors must also show that the drug was in bulk quantities to justify a trafficking charge and that the defendant was involved in a drug trafficking organization, even if they did not physically handle the drugs.
Beyond prison time, drug trafficking convictions often come with hefty fines. These can range from thousands to millions of dollars, stripping away potential profits for the criminal. A conviction can also lead to a criminal record that may impact future employment opportunities and eligibility for certain government benefits. Additionally, probation is not usually available for drug trafficking offenses unless it is part of a plea bargain or other diversion program.